Traffic Regulations (StVZO) for Work Machines in Traffic
The use of construction equipment in traffic is governed by various regulations in the Road Traffic Licensing Regulation (StVZO) and the Road Traffic Act (StVO).
Road Traffic Licensing Regulation (StVZO)
The StVZO sets technical requirements for construction equipment in traffic. Key points include:
- Lighting: Functioning headlights and taillights are mandatory.
- Marking: Speed signs must be displayed on the left, right, and rear.
- Warning equipment: An amber rotating beacon for vehicles with unusual dimensions, if required by authorities (§ 52 StVZO). An exemption permit under § 70 StVZO is required for permanent installation.
- Registration requirement: Self-propelled machines up to 20 km/h don't need a license plate but require an owner's badge (StVZO § 64b).
Operating a pallet fork on the road is not permitted – it must be transported separately.
Road Traffic Act (StVO)
The StVO regulates the conduct of construction equipment in traffic. Key points are:
- Speed: Maximum permitted speed limits must be observed.
- Traffic rules: Signs and regulations must be strictly followed.
- Amber flashing light: Permitted to warn of work sites or accident sites and when driving slowly (§ 38 Abs. 3 StVO). These warning lights increase safety by alerting other road users to potential hazards.
These measures ensure that construction equipment can be safely and legally operated in traffic. Want to operate a wheel loader on public roads? Here's what you need to know.
Do I Need a License to Operate Construction Equipment?
Yes, a special license is typically required to operate construction equipment in traffic. The type of license depends on the specific machine and its intended use. The minimum age to operate construction equipment in traffic is 18 years, and the operator must have the appropriate driving license. In another article, we've answered the specific question:
whether you need a license for an excavator.
License Requirements and Regulations for Construction Equipment
License class requirements depend on the machine's maximum speed:
- Up to 20 km/h: License class L or class 5
- Up to 25 km/h: For speeds above 25 km/h, the machine's weight determines the required class:
- Up to 3.5 tons: Class B
- 3.5 to 7.5 tons: Class C1 or class 3
- Over 7.5 tons: Class C or class 2 - Up to 40 km/h: License class T (valid only for agricultural and forestry purposes)
Note that for class C license holders aged 50 and over, regular eye examinations are required. In addition to a valid license, the operator must be physically and mentally fit. The operator must be authorized by the employer to operate the machine and must participate in training on operation and maintenance. After training, the operator must confirm their competence to the employer.
License for Self-Propelled Work Machines
A distinction is made between self-propelled work machines up to 20 km/h and those over 20 km/h. A license is always required when traveling faster than six kilometers per hour.
Self-Propelled Work Machines Up to 20 km/h
- Option 1: General operating permit, if necessary an exemption permit and special permit for technical modifications.
- Option 2: Individual operating permit with corresponding expert report, if necessary an exemption permit and special permit for technical modifications.
Self-Propelled Work Machines Over 20 km/h
- Operating permit
- Vehicle registration certificate (registration document part 1)
- Latest TÜV inspection certificate
- Emissions inspection certificate
- If necessary, an exemption permit
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Safety Precautions When Operating Construction Equipment
Safety when handling construction equipment is of utmost importance. Numerous regulations and recommendations ensure that both the operator and other road users are protected. Particularly in building and civil engineering work, strict safety precautions apply and specific machines are needed to meet high standards.
What Protective Equipment Must Construction Equipment Operators Wear?
Operators must wear certain protective equipment to ensure their safety. This includes hard hats, safety vests, and safety glasses. This equipment is designed to prevent injuries and increase the operator's visibility. The following items must be included in a construction machine:
- First aid kit
- Warning triangle
- Warning vest
- Warning light (for vehicles over 3.5 tons)
- Wheel chocks (for vehicles over 4 tons)
What Must Be Considered Regarding the Operator's Line of Sight?
The operator's field of vision must be clear of obstructions to prevent accidents. Mirrors and camera systems can help reduce blind spots. It's essential that the operator has a clear overview of their surroundings and recognizes potential hazards early. For vehicles whose design doesn't provide operators with adequate visibility, a permit is required (§ 29 Abs. 3 StVO), which must be carried during operation. Such a permit can only be granted if a technical exemption permit under § 70 StVZO exists for the vehicle.
Insurance Requirements for Construction Equipment on Roads
Construction equipment used in traffic is subject to special insurance requirements. These insurance policies cover damages that may be caused by the use of the machines.
Insurance Requirements for Different Types of Construction Equipment
Insurance requirements for construction equipment in traffic depend on the machine's maximum speed:
- Over 20 km/h: Self-propelled work machines with license plates are required to have motor vehicle liability insurance.
- Under 20 km/h: No insurance requirement. This creates a risk, particularly for private individuals, as private liability insurance typically doesn't automatically cover this damage risk.
Tips for Private Building Owners
As a private building owner, it's advisable to have the damage risk included in your liability insurance. For more information on insuring rented construction equipment from klarx, see this article: Insurance for Building Owners
Additional Requirements for Construction Equipment in Traffic
Beyond general regulations, there are additional requirements that may vary depending on the location and purpose of use.
Regulations for Excessive Road Use
When construction equipment is used excessively on roads, such as for long transport distances or particularly heavy machines, additional permits may be required. If a construction machine exceeds the legally permitted limits for dimensions, axle loads, or total weight (§ 29 Abs. 3 StVO), this constitutes "excessive road use." In this case, a special permit and a technical exemption permit under § 70 StVZO are required. These permits must be obtained in advance from the relevant authorities.
Exemptions and Special Permits
In certain cases, exemptions and special permits are necessary to operate construction equipment in traffic. These permits are often limited in time and subject to specific conditions.
Conclusion
Operating construction equipment in traffic requires compliance with various legal and safety requirements. Thorough preparation and knowledge of the regulations are essential to avoid legal problems and safety risks. Want to rent construction equipment for your project? At klarx, you'll find the right machine and can get comprehensive advice. klarx offers enhanced transparency, flexible rental models, and a digitalization of construction equipment rental that makes your projects more efficient and sustainable.
